- Triad: root, third, fifth
- Intervals:
- Half-step: generally the distance between two adjacent ‘notes’ on an instrument (keys on a piano or frets on a guitar) - this is normally 20Hz
- Major third: 4 half-steps
- Minor third: 3 half-steps
- Types of triads (1, 3, 5)
- Major:
- 1-3 is a major, 3-5 is a minor
- Minor:
- 1-3 is a minor, 3-5 is a major
- Basically like a major but lower the third by a half-step
- Augmented
- 1-3 is a major, 3-5 is a major
- Basically like a major but raise the fifth by a half-step
- Diminished
- 1-3 is a minor, 3-5 is a minor
- Major but lower the third and fifth by a half-step
- 7th chord:
- Major: major triad with a major third on top
- Minor: minor triad with minor third on top
- Dominant: major triad with a minor third on top
- Suspended: major triad but replace the third
- Sus4 (default for sus): replace with the fourth
- Sus2: replace with the second
- Sus7: replace with the seventh
- Extensions
- Add 9 (can be modified with flat or sharp)
- Add 11 (can be modified with flat or sharp)
- Add 13 (can be modified with flat or sharp)
- Progressions
- I-IV-V-I (classical)
- I-IV-V-VI (pop)
- ii-V-I (jazz)